Underwater Breathing *Received October, 1952.

Underwater Stroke Kinematics During Breathing and Breath-holding Front Crawl Swimming.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of breathing on the three - dimensional underwater stroke kinematics of front crawl swimming. Ten female competitive freestyle swimmers participated in the study. Each subject swam a number of front crawl trials of 25 m at a constant speed under breathing and breath-holding conditions. The underwater motion of each subject's right arm wa...

The effect of the rate of breathing on the maximum breathing capacity determined with a new spirometer.

Very few quantitative observations have been reported on the effect of rate of breathing on the voluntary maximum breathing capacity (M.B.C.). Proctor and Hardy (1949) found that the M.B.C. was achieved at a rate of 30 respirations per minute (R.P.M.). At higher rates of breathing the ventilatory capacity was diminished. These observations are contrary to the findings of other investigators who...

The restoration of normal breathing in asthmatic children.

A Sliding Observer for Closed-circuit Underwater Breathing Apparatus

In this paper the estimation problem of the metabolic consumption rate in an underwater breathing apparatus is addressed. A sliding mode observer designed on a nonlinear model of the rebreather system is proposed. The design is based on Lyapunov techniques and a convergence analysis of the estimation error has been carried on. The effectiveness of the sliding observer has been validated through...

The November Meeting in Raleigh

s of the papers presented follow below. Abstracts whose numbers are followed by the letter "t" were presented by title. Paper number 51 was read by Professor Rutledge. Professor J. W. Ellis was introduced by Dr. Goodner, Mr. McAuley by Professor Jones, Dr. Jaeger by Professor Cairns, Dr. Gordon and Mr. Capel by Professor Wallace, Mr. Pellicciaro and Dr. Shields by Professor Whyburn. ALGEBRA AND...